Power is a polysemic concept, meaning its definition varies, and there is no universal consensus. However, scholars agree that the best way to study power is by relating it to a specific context (Avelino et al., 2023). In general, power can be defined as “the capacity of actors to mobilise means to achieve ends” (Avelino, 2021).
This implies that if someone has the capacity to act, someone else lacks it. Recognizing this imbalance is crucial for transformative change.
Recognise dimensions of power (over, to and with) achokledwing power with as a key leveravge for transformative change.
In fourteen years, the number of energy cooperatives in Germany grew from 8 to 896 (DGRV, 2021; as cited in Avelino et al., 2023). Despite intense lobbying by traditional energy suppliers -especially during 2012–2014- cooperatives leveraged their non-hierarchical governance, access to knowledge and technology, and collaboration with NGOs, investment funds, and research institutes. These alliances enabled them to withstand pressure from large companies and maintain tendering obligations, even if only partially. This illustrates how “collaboration and association can counterbalance dominant actors longholding power.
Remember, this is an inspiration guide (not a recipe) to help you decide what will be most transformative for your context. Every context is unique!
Power is multidimensional, and the overlap between its forms means there is always a risk that collaborative power (power with) can shift into domination (power over). Keeping an active and continuous reflection on this risk is essential.
Avelino, F., Hielscher, S., Strumińska-Kutra, M., De Geus, T., Widdel, L., Wittmayer, J., Dańkowska, A., Dembek, A., Fraaije, M., Heidary, J., Iskandarova, M., Rogge, K., Stasik, A., & Crudi, F. (2023). Power to, over and with: Exploring power dynamics in social innovations in energy transitions across Europe. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 48, 100758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2023.100758
Avelino, F., 2021. Theories of power and social change. Power contestations and their implications for research on social change and innovation. J. Polit. Power 14,
425–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2021.1875307
Loorbach, D., Wittmayer, J., Avelino, F., von Wirth, T., Frantzeskaki, N., 2020. Transformative innovation and translocal diffusion. Environ. Innov. Soc. Transit. 35,
251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.01.009